Superstring theory suggests that the four fundamental interactions among elementary particles – electromagnetic force, weak interaction, strong interaction, and gravity – are represented as various oscillation modes of very tiny strings.

But almost 40 years ago, superstring theory arose as a possible unifying theory of everything. The incompatibility between general relativity and Big Bang cosmology has stumped cosmologists. But Big Bang cosmology is at odds with Einstein’s theory of general relativity – general relativity doesn’t allow for any situation in which the whole universe is one tiny point, which means this theory alone can’t explain the origin of the universe. The theory is supported by observations of the cosmic microwave background and the abundance of certain naturally occurring elements. Most astronomers subscribe to Big Bang cosmology, the model that proposes that the universe was born from the explosion of an infinitely tiny point.

The history of the universe starting the with the Big Bang. Recently, three researchers have come up with an explanation.

But why our universe has three spatial dimensions has been a problem for physicists, especially since the 3-dimensional universe isn’t easily explained within superstring theory or Big Bang cosmology. Day to day life has made us all comfortable with 3 dimensions we constantly interact with objects that have height, width, and depth.

Third dimension